
To reproduce Figures 1 and 2, you run study1.do, study2.do, study3.do, and study4.do. Then, run the figures12.do.

To reproduce "Bias in Correlations with Alternative Scale Formats," run study2.do

To reproduce Figure 4, run study4_regs.do

To reproduce Appendix 9, run study3_attentive.do and study4_attentive.do, then run figures12_attentive


main_SEM.R can be run on its own to generate estimates for the SEM analyses in the main text. It includes calls for summary statistics and other pieces of information reported in the main text. 

It calls study*_sems.R, two of which call cleaning files. It then saves "mainplot.dta" if uncommented. This data frame is then used by figures56.do to generate plots for comparable format through the paper.

Session Info for the R analyses is below

R version 4.5.1 (2025-06-13)
Platform: aarch64-apple-darwin20
Running under: macOS Sequoia 15.6.1

Matrix products: default
BLAS:   /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Versions/A/libBLAS.dylib 
LAPACK: /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.5-arm64/Resources/lib/libRlapack.dylib;  LAPACK version 3.12.1

locale:
[1] en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/C/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8

time zone: America/New_York
tzcode source: internal

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     

other attached packages:
[1] MVN_6.1         tidyr_1.3.1     scales_1.4.0    psych_2.5.6     haven_2.5.5     lavaan_0.6-20   foreign_0.8-90  patchwork_1.3.2 ggplot2_4.0.0  

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
  [1] Rdpack_2.6.4         mnormt_2.1.1         gridExtra_2.3        remotes_2.5.0        rlang_1.1.6          magrittr_2.0.4       compiler_4.5.1      
  [8] mgcv_1.9-3           vctrs_0.6.5          gsl_2.1-8            profvis_0.4.0        quadprog_1.5-8       stringr_1.5.2        pkgconfig_2.0.3     
 [15] shape_1.4.6.1        fastmap_1.2.0        backports_1.5.0      energy_1.7-12        ellipsis_0.3.2       labeling_0.4.3       pbivnorm_0.6.0      
 [22] promises_1.3.3       sessioninfo_1.2.3    tzdb_0.5.0           nloptr_2.2.1         purrr_1.1.0          glmnet_4.1-10        jomo_2.7-6          
 [29] cachem_1.1.0         jsonlite_2.0.0       later_1.4.2          pan_1.9              broom_1.0.10         parallel_4.5.1       R6_2.6.1            
 [36] stringi_1.8.7        RColorBrewer_1.1-3   pkgload_1.4.1        car_3.1-3            boot_1.3-31          rpart_4.1.24         Rcpp_1.1.0          
 [43] iterators_1.0.14     usethis_3.1.0        readr_2.1.5          httpuv_1.6.16        Matrix_1.7-3         splines_4.5.1        nnet_7.3-20         
 [50] tidyselect_1.2.1     rstudioapi_0.17.1    abind_1.4-8          viridis_0.6.5        codetools_0.2-20     miniUI_0.1.2         curl_7.0.0          
 [57] pkgbuild_1.4.8       lattice_0.22-7       tibble_3.3.0         shiny_1.11.1         withr_3.0.2          S7_0.2.0             moments_0.14.1      
 [64] survival_3.8-3       urlchecker_1.0.1     pillar_1.11.1        carData_3.0-5        mice_3.18.0          foreach_1.5.2        nortest_1.0-4       
 [71] stats4_4.5.1         reformulas_0.4.1     plotly_4.11.0        generics_0.1.4       hms_1.1.3            minqa_1.2.8          xtable_1.8-4        
 [78] glue_1.8.0           lazyeval_0.2.2       tools_4.5.1          data.table_1.17.8    lme4_1.1-37          forcats_1.0.1        fs_1.6.6            
 [85] grid_4.5.1           rbibutils_2.3        devtools_2.4.5       nlme_3.1-168         Formula_1.2-5        cli_3.6.5            ggthemes_5.1.0      
 [92] viridisLite_0.4.2    dplyr_1.1.4          gtable_0.3.6         digest_0.6.37        GPArotation_2025.3-1 htmlwidgets_1.6.4    farver_2.1.2        
 [99] memoise_2.0.1        htmltools_0.5.8.1    lifecycle_1.0.4      httr_1.4.7           mitml_0.4-5          mime_0.13            MASS_7.3-65  